Structure

An Act of Parliament is presented in a specific format. So identifying the common features enables correct reading and helps in understanding references.

• Short Title

  The short title of an Act, including the publication date is the normal way to describe a statute. It may be abbreviated, for example Human Rights Act 1998 becomes HRA 1998.

• Citation

  The official citation, is the number given to each Act passed in a year and is called the chapter number.

• Long title

  The long title of an Act gives a concise explanation of the aims of the Act.

• Royal Assent

  Royal Assent is indicated by the date that assent was given. An Act will commence on this date unless otherwise specified.

• Enacting Formula

  This is the standard form of words to indicate that an Act has been properly passed by all the different branches of the legislature.

• Sections, Subsections, Paragraphs and Parts

  The main body of the statute is divided up into numbered sections, sub-divided into subsections, paragraphs, and sometimes sub-paragraphs. In longer statutes, sections may be further grouped into parts.

• Marginal Notes

  Each section may have short marginal notes to explain its contents. They are not part of the Act and therefore has no direct legal effect. Since 2001, marginal notes now appear in bold type as headings to each section.

• Headings

  Some statutes have headings, which are considered part of the statute but are but are of little use as an aid to interpretation and more of a navigation tool.

• Commencement Date

  The commencement section is usually found towards the end of the statute and details any commencement factors.

• Schedules

  Schedules are found at the end of an Act. Schedules can provide contain details of amendments to previous legislation or further details and definitions not found in the body of the Act. The schedules may be divided into paragraphs.

• Preambles

  Old Acts contain a preamble which explain the purpose of the Act.

Annotated Statute Example