Personal Mobility: Derogations

[Flash Card 1 of 2]

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

• Article 45(3) TFEU: general derogations: public policy / public security / public health
• Article 45(2) TFEU: public service exempt: narrow / the exercise of power conferred by public law / responsibility for safeguarding the general interests of the State (Commission v Belgium) / entry not conditions employment (Sotgui)

Directive 2004/38

Article 27: Derogations

• Article 27(1): general derogations / same Article 45(3) TFEU: public policy, public security or public health / not economic
• Article 27(2): public policy & security / personal conduct / proportionate / convictions insufficient

Personal conduct

• association can constitute / must be socially harmful / not illegal (Van Duyn)
• past convictions sometimes / genuine & sufficiently serious threat / fundamental interest society (Bouchereau)
• immoral standard / insufficient (Adoui)

Article 28: Protect against expulsion on public policy or security grounds

• Article 28(1): time in country / age / health / family / economic / cultural integration
• Article 28(2): serious grounds / if have permanent residence
• Article 28(3): imperative / 10 yrs / have children
• Article 29: public health / WHO contagious disease / serious if over 3 months residence
• Article 31: procedural safeguards

bits of law

Personal Mobility: Derogations

[Flash Card 2 of 2]

Objective justification

• indirect discrimination / non-discriminatory restrictions (Bosman)
• necessary to satisfy mandatory requirement / proportionate to aim (Cassis de Dijon)

Once employment has ceased

• Article 20 TFEU: pensionable age / permanently incapacitated / EU citizen
• Regulation 1408/71: social security rights / contributions from other States taken into account / no harmonisation rates
• Directive 2004/38 Article 7(3): retention status / temporary illness or accident

Citizenship

• Articles 21 & 22 TFEU: subject to further rules / derogations similar to Article 45(3) TFEU

Non discrimination

• Article 18 TFEU: not to be discriminated against on nationality
• Articles 18 & 20 TFEU: prohibit discrimination non-contributory benefits / if not economically active (Rudy v CPAS)
• EU citizen / not worker / financially self sufficient / Article 21 TFEU direct effect Baumbast

Family and carer rights

• Article 21 TFEU & Directive 2004/38 / child EU citizen right to indefinitely reside / non-EU mother as primary carer (Zhu and Chen)
• parent caring for child of migrant worker / in education / no sufficient resources condition (Nimco v Lambeth)
• Regulation 1612/68 Article 12 child of migrant worker / no longer in host state / right educational course / right of residence of parent: primary carer / not conditional on sufficient resources (Baumbast)

bits of law